現在進行式入門文法-教你快速應用比較現在進行式與現在簡單式

英文文法 11 四月 2020

現在進行式present progressive tense

現在進行式是多數初學者學習的第二個時態，當我問學生他們對現在進行式的理解是什麼，多數學生都會回答：現在進行式就是be加上V-ing，沒錯! 這是現在進行式的公式，但是當拿實際例句來問學生What are you wearing today? 和What do you usually wear to work? 有什麼差別，或請學生描述他們想表達的語境，例如: 現在在下雨嗎? 我的家鄉常下雨，很多學生可能就沒辦法正確說出句子，以下將以圖表及日常生活中的例子說明現在進行式的用法，並呼應現在簡單式做一個比較，另外也會介紹Non-Action Verbs非動作動詞的用法，希望讀者能更加進一步理解運用現在簡單式與現在進行式。

現在進行式例句及使用情境

現在進行式用以表示當下或現在前後"暫時性"的動作或情況

使用情境	例句及解釋
1.現在當下正在做的事情 Actions are going on now.	Tom is reading right now. *Tom 從九點開始讀書，一直讀到現在是九點半的時間，Tom在九點半此時此刻正在讀書，之後還會不會繼續讀我們不知道，他可能繼續或停下來，但此時此刻九點半Tom正在讀書。

在現在進行式中常出現的時間詞有now, right now, 和today

現在進行式句型變化

肯定句:

I am eating an apple right now.

She/He/It is eating an apple right now.

You are eating an apple right now.

否定句: 在Be動詞後面加上not

I am not eating an apple right now.

She/He/It is not eating an apple right now.

You are not eating an apple right now.

Yes/No 問句: 把Be動詞挪到句首

Am I eating an apple right now?

Is she/he/it eating an apple right now?

Are you eating an apple right now?

Wh-問句:

What are you doing right now? I am studying English.

Why are you studying English? Because I have a test tomorrow.

Where are you studying English? In my bedroom.

ing字尾變化

一般來說，現在進行式一般動詞多數可直接加上ing，但有些例外

smile-> smiling	e結尾的字-> 去e加ing
sit-> sitting	一母音加一子音結尾的字，-> 重複字尾加ing 但是如果字尾式w, x,y結尾則不重複字尾 snow-> snowing; fix-> fixing; say-> saying

練習一: 將下列動詞改為V-ing 的型態

1. cry 2. read 3. think 4. write 5. sleep 6. run 7. hit 8. bake

答案:

1. crying 2. reading 3. thinking 4 writing 5.sleeping 6. running 7. hitting 8. baking

練習二: 將下列句子翻成英文

1.我正在等公車

2. 你正在讀一本書

3. Tom正在看電視

4.他們正在吃午餐

答案:

1. I am waiting for the bus.

2. You are reading a book.

3. Tom is watching TV.

4. They are eating lunch.

練習三: 將下列句子改為否定句及yes/no問句

1. I am waiting for the bus.

2. You are reading a book.

3. Tom is watching TV.

4. They are eating lunch.

答案:

1. I am not waiting for the bus. Am I waiting for the bus?

2. You are not reading a book.　Are you reading a book?

3. Tom is not watching TV. 　　 Is Tom watching TV?

4. They are not eating lunch. Are they eating lunch?

練習四: 造原問句

1. A: _____________________?

B: Because I am sad. I am crying because I am sad.

2. A: _____________________?

B: On my bed. My cats are sleeping on my bed.

3. A: _____________________?

B: A letter. Susan is writing a letter.

4. A: _____________________?

B: In her bedroom. My mother is reading in her bedroom.

答案:

1. Why are you crying?

2. Where are your cats sleeping?

3. What is Susan writing?

4. Where is your mother reading?

現在簡單式現在進行式例子說明

例一: What are you wearing today? 和What do you usually wear to work? 有什麼差別呢?

What are you wearing today? 是指你今天現在身上正在穿的衣服，用的是現在進行式來問。例如:今天天氣冷所以我今天身上穿著一件毛衣、長褲 I am wearing a sweater and a pair of pants today.

What do you usually wear to work? 是指你通常穿什麼衣服去上班，這個是屬於周而復始的習慣，所以用現在簡單式來問。我在一家公司上班，公司的服裝規定是白襯衫和裙子，所以通常我都穿白襯衫和裙子上班。I usually wear a white blouse and a skirt to work.

例二: 當要表達 「現在在下雨嗎?」「我的家鄉常下雨」 該怎麼表達呢?

例如我現在要出門，我不知道外面的天氣我問剛從外面走進來的人，現在在下雨嗎? 因為表達的是此時此刻的情況，所以用現在進行式來表達

Is it raining right now?

「我的家鄉常下雨」是一個不變的事實，發生於過去現在未來的情況都是常下雨，所以用現在簡單式來表達 It rains a lot in my hometown.

非動作動詞Non-Action Verbs (不能用於進行式的動詞)

有些動詞用以表達一個狀態，這些動詞不會用進行式來表達

EX: I know Rita. 我認識Rita. 這是一個存在的情況

你不會寫 I am knowing Rita.我正在認識Rita，文意上說不通

I am thirsty. I want a glass of water. 我口渴了，我想要一杯水。

你不會寫 I’m wanting a glass of water. 我正在想要一杯水，文意上說不通

常見的非動作動詞可分為以下幾類

心智狀態	know知道, understand了解,think想, believe相信, need需要
情緒狀態	like喜歡, love愛, prefer偏好, hate討樣, care在乎, surprise驚訝
擁有	have有, own有, belong屬於, possess有
感官	taste嚐, smell聞, hear聽, feel感覺, see看
其他存在狀態	exist存在, consist of由...組成, seem似乎, look like看起來像

有些非動作動詞(藍色的字)隨著上下文不同，可能會用進行式表達

例一: think

I think that Tom is a good student.

我認為Tom是個好學生-> 表達一個事實

I’m thinking about my family right now.

我正在想我的家人-> 表達此時此刻腦袋裡正在想的事情

例二: taste

This soup tastes too salty. 這湯嘗起來太鹹了-> 表達一個事實

Tom is tasting the soup. Tom正在嘗嘗看這碗湯-> 表達此時此刻Tom品嘗湯的動作

練習題: 寫出正確的動詞型態

1.My mother is in the kitchen right now. She _______(cook) beef noodles. She ______(like) beef noodles. The beef noodles _____(smell) good. She ________(taste) the soup of the beef noodles to see if it is too salty.

2. It seldom ________(snow) in Taiwan. However, it is too cold today. It _______(snow) right now. I _______(not, like) this weather, but my younger brother _______(love) this weather. He ______(think) it is fun. He ________(think) about having a snowball fight.

3. Jan ______(want) to rent an apartment. She _______(need) two bedrooms and one bathroom. She ______(not, need) a garage because she ______(not, have) a car. She ____(hate) noise, so she plans to rent the apartment in the countryside.

答案:

1. is cooking, likes, smell, is tasting

2. snows, is snowing, don’t like, loves, thinks, is thinking

3. wants, needs, doesn’t need, doesn’t have, hates

現在進行式常見問題

現在進行式例句與用法

現在進行式用以表示當下或現在前後"暫時性的" “持續進行的" 動作或情況，例如: I am studying English right now. 表達現在我正在讀英文。I am taking three courses this semester. 這學期我修三門課，修三門課這個動作是我這學期一直重複進行的動作，過了這學期修三門課這動作可能就會停止，說話者說這句話時不代表講話的當下他正在修課

現在進行式的公式

是is/am/are +V-ing.例如: I am studying English right now. You are studying English right now. She is studying English right now.

現在進行式代替未來式

當說話者想表達事前計畫好將要做的事情，現在進行式可以用來代替未來式，例如: I need to study for the TOEIC test. I am going to the library tomorrow. 又例如: I have an appointment with my professor. I am seeing her next Friday.